Hi guys, my supervisor asked me to size a natural gas field lines by referring to the api 14e. For applications outside these pressures and temperatures, special consideration should be given to. Evaluation of api rp 14e erosional velocity limitations. Api 2000 venting atmospheric and lowpressure storage tanks api rp 14 e design and installation of offshore production platform piping systems. This application uses a common recommended practice equations that are provided in api rp 14e to estimate the erosional velocity. Apr 01, 2015 the flow of a gasliquid multiphase system may cause erosion if velocities are high. This causes the pipe surface to erode, with the rate of erosion increasing with the flow velocity. Api rp 14e erosional velocity equation in the field of oil and gas production. For solids free fluids a maximum c value of 100 for continuous service, or 125 for intermittent service is recommended. Mar 03, 2000 the current practice for eliminating erosional problems in piping systems is to limit the flow velocity v e to that established by the recommended practice api rp 14e based on an empirical constant cfactor and the fluid mixture density. The fluid velocity in singlephase liquid lines varies from 0. Gas pipe max velocity posted in industrial professionals.
An alternative to api 14e erosional velocity limits for sandladen. Pipe flow calculator api rp 14e multiphase calqlata. Api rp 14e r2019 recommended practice for design and installation of offshore products platform piping systems. Recommended practice for design and installation of offshore production platform piping systems. Avoid changing the rack control valve to a smaller one. Dear all, i would like to find out where i can find the maximum allowable velocitys in piping sytems in an asme or api standard.
Abstract in order to avoid erosion damage and associated problems in twophase flow systems, api rp14e recommends limiting the maximum production. Since you also have to realize that either in api rp 14e or norsok p001 said that the velocity limit mentioned is not ultimate criteria. Calculate api rp 14e maximum allowable erosional velocity for platform piping systems. Challenging conventional erosional velocity limitations for. For the single phase gas pipes i didnt found the formula to calculate the gas maximum velocity. In the case of steam, a common cause would be high dissolved o2 in the 2phase condensate stream. Gasliquid twophase lines do not exceed the erosional velocity as determined from following equation, which is recommended in api rp 14e. Rp 14e design and installation of offshore production platform piping systems rp 14f design and installation of electrical systems for fixed and floating.
Dec 07, 2014 this application uses a common recommended practice equations that are provided in api rp 14e to estimate the erosional velocity, having said recommended practice, its important to point out that different operators have their own guidelines on this issue, if you see any room for improving this application let me know. Api rp 14e recommends 3fts for suction lines and 9 fts for discharge piping for light hydrocarbons. Calculate the erosional velocity for a fluid in pipes as per api rp 14e. Pipe flow calculator api rp 14e singlemultiphase calqlata. Evaluation of api rp 14e erosional velocity limitations for offshore.
Recommended practice for analysis, design, installation, and testing of basic surface safety systems for offshore production platforms see other formats. Application of the api rp 14e erosional velocity equation. Erosion velocity pipelines, piping and fluid mechanics. Jan 17, 2020 process engineers calculate erosional velocity in pipes to define the maximum velocity that a fluid can travel in a pipeline and based on finding they define an operational velocity limit. Over the last 40 years, the american petroleum institute recommended practice 14e api rp 14e equation has been used by many operators to estimate the erosional velocity. Norsok vs api standard for maximum velocity in gas line. The maximum recommended velocity is 60 ftsec to inhibit noise and 50 ftsec for co 2 corrosion inhibition. Dear all, the erosional velocity equation for gasliquid twophase lines as per api rp 14e is given as. Pdf a guideline to calculate erosional velocity due to.
Process engineers calculate erosional velocity in pipes to define the maximum velocity that a fluid can travel in a pipeline and based on finding they define an operational velocity limit. Evaluation of api rp 14e erosional velocity limitations for. This maximum flow velocity is a function of velocity and density, and given by this equation. And in norsok p001, 60 ms is the maximum but if the velocity to get the noise limit criteria is even less we have to use whichever is lower. Erosionalcorrosional testing for multiphase flow lines.
Ins ection of casing, tubing, and lme pipe ghreads. An alternative to api 14e erosional velocity limits for. The american petroleum institute recommended practice 14e api rp 14e describes a method for calculating an erosional velocity, a threshold velocity at which it is presumably safe to operate. V c e m 1 even though in the definition of the erosional velocity only erosion is mentioned, the recommended%factorsbytheapirp14eforeq. The recently developed methods for predicting threshold velocities are based on the penetration rates in elbow geometry because the sections with this geometry are more susceptible to erosion damage than a. Recommended practice for design and installation of. Recommended practice for design and installation of offshore. The current practice for eliminating erosional problems in piping systems is to limit the flow velocity v e to that established by the recommended practice api rp 14e based on an empirical constant cfactor and the fluid mixture density. If you enter the specific gravity of the liquid and gas components, the gasliquid volume ratio, the the absolute temperates and pressures, and the compressibility factor. Abstract the current practice for eliminating erosional problems in piping systems is to limit the flow velocity v e to that established by the recommended practice api rp 14e based on an empirical constantcfactor and the fluid mixture density pm as follows.
Some of the highest velocities within the production string are experienced. The american petroleum institute s recommended practice 14e api rp 14e provides a method for determining the threshold erosion velocity for gas wells, however api rp14e has been found to be conservative in predicting the erosional velocity in sand laden fluids. Each part of the manifold should be designed to limit maximum velocity in accordance with section 2. This application uses a common recommended practice equations that are provided in api rp 14e to estimate the erosional velocity, having said recommended practice, its important to point out that different operators have their own guidelines on this issue, if you see any room for improving this application let me know. It has always been stated that a maximum allowable velocity for product piping is 1 ms and water piping 3 ms however i would like to know where this is stated. Calculate erosional velocity with excel excel calculations. The fluid density can be calculated for single phase gas, two phase gas and liquid, two phase oil and water, or three phase gas oil and water. Api rp 14e suggests the following empirical equation for calculating the erosional velocity 25. Api rp 14e maximum erosional velocity calculators pipeng toolbox.
The erosional velocity limit, ve, is determined from the following empirical equation. Erosion limits or maximum velocities for flexible pipes should be specified by. Erosion velocity for gasliquid multiphase flow neutrium. Assuming that the corrosion allowance for the pipe is the normal 0. Most common equation to calculate gas velocity inside pipe line is presented in api rp 14e as below. When issued, the iso standard will replace api rp 14e as a guideline for calculation methods, etc. When sand is present, api rp 14e suggests that the value of c should be smaller than 100 but does not indicate what the value should be.
What may be perceived to be erosion corrosion could actually be due to chemical or microbial contamination of the fluid stream. As a rule of thump, pipe erosion begins when velocity exceeds the value of csqrt. This flow situation is essentially one of a liquidgas, 2phase flow with entrained solid particles. There is no reference to api 14e within the api 16c document, either normatively or bibliographically. The api rp 14e erosional velocity equation is often quoted to be overly conservative and to unjustifiably restrict the production rate or overestimate required pipe sizes. This velocity is one of restrictions for high velocity in pipes. Api recommended practice 14e rp 14e fifth edition, october 1, 1991 reaffirmed june 2000. The api criterion is specified for clean service noncorrosive and sandfree, and it is noted that the cfactor should be. To avoid erosion, a maximum velocity is recommended which will depend. The recommended minimum velocity is 10 to 15 ftsec. Other api recommended practices for safety and antipollution systems used in offshore oil and gas production include the following. The maximum design pressure within the scope of this document is 10,000 psig and the temperature range is 20 o f to 650 o f. However, the procedure is to specify the line size and predict the production profile. Challenging conventional erosional velocity limitations.
Will be covered in the new iso standard 703 which is now in preparation. Dear all, i would like to find out where i can find the maximum allowable velocity s in piping sytems in an asme or api standard. The origin of the api rp 14e erosional velocity equation remains unclear. Maximum velocity in piping systems pipelines, piping and. Erosional velocity calculator by webbusterz engineering. Abstract the current practice for eliminating erosional problems in piping systems is to limit the flow velocity v e to that established by the recommended practice api rp 14e based on an empirical constantcfactor and the fluid mixture density. For solids free fluids a maximum c value of 100 for continuous service, or 125 for intermitt. Api rp 14e recommends as a criteria to size gas pipelines, that velocity of gas shouldnt be over 60 fts, thus to keep the levels of noise to a minimun, thats not an absolute criteria but i think you can use it to estimate the diameter of the branch, using the above equation, seting the velocity at 60 fts and knowing the flow that. Recommended practice for design and installation of offshore production platform piping systems api recommended practice 14e rp 14e fifth edition, october 1, 1991 reaffirmed june 2000 american petroleum instltute 1220 l street, northwest washington, dc 20005. The widespread use of the api rp 14e erosional velocity equation is a result of it being simple to apply and requiring little in the way of inputs. Experimental study of the erosional velocity criterion for.
Review of the api rp 14e erosional velocity equation. This means that the suction velocity may be high if api is to be believed. Abstract in order to avoid erosion damage and associated problems in twophase flow systems, api rp14e recommends limiting the maximum production velocity to a value defined by the following empirical equation. Apipe calculates the minimum internal diameter and wall thickness for a pipeline transporting hydrocarbon fluids according to the recommended practice 14e, 18 issued by the offshore industrys most prominent authority. An alternative to api 14e erosional velocity limits for sand.
This article presents an empirical relationship for estimating whether erosion will occur in a system at a certain velocity. We used c100 as api rp 14e 1984 suggested c100 for continuous and 125 for non continuous service. The minimum fluid velocity in multiphase systems must be relatively high to keep the liquids moving and prevent or minimize slugging. Velocity limitation in pipelines while performing welltest operation, quality limitation regarding operational usage of relevant equipment. The widespread use of the api rp 14e erosional velocity equation is a result of its simplicity and requiring little in the way of inputs. This excel spreadsheet implements the api rp14e equation to calculate erosional velocity. Oilgas production flowline and pipeline line sizing. However, the api rp 14e equation does not account for most of the factors important in erosion, ficfac and erosioncorrosion. I read in some forums that as a rule of thumb we take 20 to 30 ms for gas pipes as a max. Gasliquid twophase lines do not exceed the erosional velocity as determined from following equation, which is recommended in api rp 14e 39. Calculate api rp 14e fluid density for single phase and multi phase fluids.
Abstract in order to avoid erosion damage and associated problems in twophase flow systems, api rp14e recommends limiting the maximum production velocity to a value defined by the following empirical. Apipe calculates the performance criteria for liquids, gases and a combination of the two 2phase fluid. Calculate the maximum recommended piping erosional velocity and flow rate for single phase and multi phase fluids api rp 14e section 2. The velocity of pipeline fluids should be constrained as follows. Velocity limitation in pipelines while performing welltest. References api rp 14e recommended practice for design and installation of. Erosional velocity calculator higher fluid velocities can cause pipe erosion over time, this can impact operation and ultimately can cause safety issues and concerns, process engineers calculate erosional velocity in pipes to define the maximum velocity that a fluid can travel in a pipeline and based on finding they define an operational velocity limit and this can normally be 50% of the. Jan 24, 2020 process engineers calculate erosional velocity in pipes to define the maximum velocity that a fluid can travel in a pipeline and based on finding they define an operational velocity limit. Pipeline design consideration and standards petrowiki. The american petroleum institute have guidelines see api rp14e for the flow velocity below which erosion damage is minimized. A case study performed in a southern iran oil field indicates that the cvalue used in api rp 14e can be safely increased, enabling increased production from fewer wells and decreasing drilling costs. This is important as higher velocities can cause pipe erosion over time. Api rp 14e velocity limit predictions have had their day in the sun, and is generally considered obsolete these days. The fluid density can be calculated for single phase, two phase, or three.
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